Positivity in Your Job Search Will Get You Farther Than You Think

Inspiration in Your Job Search Will Get You Farther Than You Think Maybe you’ll relate to me when I state I can’t stand hearing anybody grumble aside from myself. All things considered, even my resilience for my own grievances has plunged over the most recent couple of years. When I begin whining in a discussion, I know I’ve committed a major error. I leave the connection feeling unpleasant, sure the individual I was conversing with will never need to converse with me again. A week ago, while perusing AJ Jacobs’ The Guinea Pig Diaries, I gained some new useful knowledge about the effect of my grumbling or condemning. I was stunned to find a marvel that makes individuals truly and genuinely consider ineffectively me when I tear down others. You Are What You Speak Things being what they are, not exclusively are whiners seen as negative, however that the qualities they ascribe to others are naturally credited to them by their audience. So in the event that I call somebody supremacist, the individual tuning in to me will unwittingly name me a bigot. On the off chance that I call somebody moronic or inept, I will be viewed as dumb and awkward. Interestingly, on the off chance that I talk about how pleasant, supportive, gifted, and all-around amazing individuals are, audience members will connect every one of those positive attributes with me. Since finding out about this brain component, I’ve become significantly more aware of my discourse. I presently comprehend that by utilizing antagonistic language, I’m gambling not just that individuals will have a for the most part negative inclination about me, yet in addition that they will make explicit negative decisions that I positively don’t need joined to me. By utilizing increasingly constructive words, I can deliberately shape the manner in which individuals consider me. I as of late had a discussion with one of my official customers, who had been given a lot of meaningless evasion, at that point dismissed by another resume composing organization, since they don’t work with â€Å"Muslim terrorists.† I can guarantee you this man is one of the most liberal and kind individuals you could ever need to meet. He didn't have anything negative to state about that organization, and he decided not to report them to the BBB or even advise LinkedIn to examine their profiles. He figured he could remain positive, and let them burrow their own graves. In the event that they are putting out that pessimism into the world, they themselves will be viewed as negative. Positive Language in Your Job Search Additionally a week ago, I saw a resume that discussed uniting frequently â€Å"fractious† staff. The word â€Å"fractious† showed up twice in one resume! Think about what anybody perusing that resume will think about the candidate? Yep†¦ that he himself is the crabby one. His last resume wo exclude that word on the off chance that I have anything to state about it. Rather, he will say that he encouraged collaboration in a various, multi-social condition. That sounds much better doesn’t it? While it’s significant as a rule to give a â€Å"before and after† picture to feature your achievements, putting individuals down will never serve you. You can discuss carrying pessimistic benefits to constructive ones, however don’t let the antagonistic modifiers overflow onto people. (Learn increasingly about making convincing achievement slugs with my DIY continue books. Join here to get a free passage!) In prospective employee meet-ups too, I can’t accentuate enough the significance of remaining positive. I despite everything recollect a meeting I gave when I was an administrator in a legitimate division. The interviewee had an amazing foundation, yet in her meeting, pretty much every word out of her mouth was about the negative parts of her earlier business. Obviously, she didn’t get recruited. On the off chance that she had been increasingly positive, we would have thought about her. In Business Insider’s 29 Words You Should Never Say in a Job Interview, here’s what creator Jacquelyn Smith says about some plainly harming words you should maintain a strategic distance from: Awful, loathsome, horrendous, despise, and so forth. You shouldnt utilize negative language during your meeting - particularly when youre discussing your current or past chief or boss. Regardless of whether the questioner welcomes you to,â dont, Hoover says. Its not tasteful, and itâ will make you sound unpleasant and frivolous. It likewise shows that you could knock any chief or organization later on - and it could even be a test to check whether you will say anything decrying. That’s incredible counsel, and now I get that on the off chance that you use words like these, you will really be seen as awful, terrible, dreadful, abhorring individual. While Ms. Smith doesnt propose positive words to stress, I would offer â€Å"exciting,† â€Å"growthful,† â€Å"positive,† â€Å"amazing,† â€Å"collaborative,† â€Å"talented,† â€Å"friendly,† â€Å"smart,† â€Å"brilliant,† â€Å"creative,† â€Å"innovative,† and different descriptive words that paint others †and, as a matter of course, you †in an ideal light. The Challenge, If You Choose to Accept It Disposing of negative language isn't as simple as it sounds. I got myself today conversing with an extremely supportive man at the air terminal about how unhelpful a client care individual had been on the grounds that she gave me bearings to the lodging transport that didn’t help. â€Å"Wow,† I thought, â€Å"I’m dependent on complaining!† There was obviously no valuable reason in offering that data to him, and now he presumably thinks I’m negative and unhelpful. I sure have much more work to do on this energy venture! I’m appreciative to have individuals like my customer and other people who motivate me to live and work â€Å"above the line.† They keep me fair and, well, I think they’re fabulous and wonderful! It is safe to say that you are prepared to begin being increasingly mindful of your language so you can be seen in a positive light yourself, throughout everyday life, in business, and in your pursuit of employment? It would be ideal if you share your contemplations and stories beneath.

The position of all women in the USA had improved by the end of the 1920’s

I accept that the accompanying proclamation the situation of all ladies in the USA had improved before the finish of the 1920's isn't accurate in light of the fact that solitary a little level of ladies' lives changed, these were normally the upper or working class and the individuals who lived in the urban areas. I expect to demonstrate my convictions in the accompanying passages by assessing the various parts of their life's, work, home, society and apparel. Work During the First world war various ladies worked just because, a portion of these employments had recently been finished by men. Despite the fact that ladies demonstrated that they could carry out these responsibilities similarly just as the men, many lost their occupations when the men came back from war. 2,000,000 a larger number of ladies were utilized in 1930 than in 1920, this was anyway an expansion of just 1 percent. Ladies accomplished right around 33% of all degrees by 1930, however just 4% of the teachers were ladies. Ladies despite everything would in general work at all talented and most minimal paid employments and men were as yet paid more than ladies for doing likewise work. Ladies didn't get a lot of help from the legislature or police either. The Supreme Court restricted laws that set a lowest pay permitted by law for ladies laborers. Men were as yet the chiefs and had the employments with the best possibilities, there were anyway new openings for ladies however they would in general be supposed ladies' occupations, for example, administrator's instructors and attendants. Most ladies laborers despite everything had low paying occupations. In the new radio Industry ladies were the favored workers as a result of their little agile hands however one of the primary reasons why representatives were eager to utilize ladies was that they could pay ladies lower compensation than men for playing out a similar activity. Home all in all these huge white collar classes do their own housework with not many of the mechanical guides, among 10,000 homestead houses just 32% had any running water whatsoever, just 57% utilized clothes washers and just 47% had a floor covering sweeper. Ladies who live on ranches and they structure the biggest gathering in the USA did a lot of work other than their work of thinking about their youngsters, washing the garments, thinking about the home and cooking, a large number of ladies despite everything toiled in the fields. Men remained the primary providers and ladies cooked cleaned and brought up their kids, while young men kept on playing with weapons and grew up to head their families, young ladies played with dolls and anticipated vocations as spouses and moms. Society After the war and during the 1920's greatly changed, at any rate for center and high society ladies. Numerous restrictions vanished, ladies began to smoke openly: deals of cigarettes multiplied during the decade. It got satisfactory for ladies to drive, and partake in difficult game. Ladies likewise associated with men all the more without any problem. Escorts were relinquished and the pre war waltz offered path to an all the more brave move the Charleston. By the mid 1920's ladies' styles had been changed. Hemlines shot up. It would have been viewed as outrageous for a man and unmarried ladies to meet alone, out of the blue. It was additionally socially unsuitable for ladies to smoke in broad daylight before the war, it was illicit in New York. Mentalities towards sex and marriage appeared to be changing a review in 1920 found that solitary 31% of the understudies addressed had not engaged in sexual relations before marriage contrasted with 74% of the undergrads addressed in 1900. New laws made it simpler for ladies to separate from their spouses in 1900 just 81 out of each 1000 relationships finished in separate however by 1928 the quantity of relationships finishing off with separate had ascended to 166 out of each 1000. It currently got adequate for ladies to see the new geniuses, for example, â€Å"Babe Ruth† at ball games. There was energizing diversion at the new films fabricated across the nation where rich and poor, people ran to see Hollywood movies including stars like Charlie Chaplin and Rudolph Valentino. In the 1920's white collar class ladies had all the more available time, somewhat because of the new local work sparing items like vacuum cleaners. On the off chance that they had a vehicle (the same number of did ) they were not, at this point so bound to the home. For a large number of American ladies in rustic territories, the 1920's didn't bring numerous changes. They kept on assuming customary jobs inside the family . The most noteworthy sign that the jobs of ladies was changing was when in 1920 ladies had been given the vote qualifying them for increasingly political force, this change influenced all ladies across the country each lady reserved the privilege to cast a ballot in spite of her status in the public eye. Attire Clothes had changed, the tight waisted, lower leg length, voluminous dresses of pre war days had been supplanted by waistless knee length, lightweight dresses. These gave more noteworthy opportunity of development just as being all the more brave. Before the war ladies had been relied upon to have long hair. After the war short hair turned into an indication of freedom. Make up got well known and deals blasted, drove by notices. Flapper was a name given to a freed urban lady. Not many ladies would have viewed themselves as flappers yet the flapper spoke to an outrageous case of the progressions that were influencing numerous ladies. They were distinguished by their short skirts, bounced hair, powdered knees, brilliant garments and bunches of make up. Flappers were basically upper and white collar class ladies from the Northern states. After cautiously assessing the proof accessible concerning the manner in which ladies' life's changed in Society, work, attire and home I accept that it is clear that lone a little level of ladies' lives changed. These were normally the upper or working class since they were the main ones who could bear the cost of the new mod cons e. g. vacuum cleaner bringing about them having all the more extra time wherein they could take a quick trip and see the new diversion. Additionally almost all upper and white collar class ladies had a vehicle contrasted with a simple 40% regular workers families implying that lone the upper and working class were not bound to the home. The situation of all ladies didn't improve in the 1920's on the grounds that ladies in provincial territories who framed the biggest gathering in the USA didn't see numerous changes. The main critical change that improved the jobs of all ladies inside society was them picking up the vote in 1920, however this prompted ladies losing their bringing together reason. A greater part of ladies' life's remained the equivalent.

Research Topics For Essay - Where to Get Good Research Ideas

Research Topics For Essay - Where to Get Good Research IdeasHow do you find good essay topic ideas when you are busy or on a tight schedule? You probably have a limited amount of time to devote to researching on this type of assignment. You also probably can't just go into the library and pull up something on your topic, since libraries are often jam packed with literature on that subject matter.That is a really good idea. It is a good idea to write about something that interests you or something that is around you. This way you can put a personal touch on it and add more detail to it. There are some great resources that can help you research on topics that interest you.There are plenty of books and magazines that you can buy in bookstores, or sometimes at your local bookstore. Many times these books can have a section that is dedicated to books on particular subjects. Look for this section to help you find ideas for your topic.The Internet is a good place to start your research. You can go to Google and type in search terms relating to the topic of your essay. Once you start getting results you can see what others have researched and if their research makes sense to you. You may even want to visit forums or discussion boards where people share their knowledge and opinions on particular topics.Podcasts are a great way to research something new. They are very short segments where you hear people talking about topics of interest. Listen to as much as you can before writing your essay. That way you can absorb what they are saying.The Internet is another great resource for researching online. You can find lots of articles and web sites that discuss the subject of your essay. You can also look at websites that offer professional advice on the topic of your essay. Look for the most important points and make sure you put them in your paper. Don't take this too seriously but try to find the most important information first.Newspapers are also good sources for ideas. Yo u can spend hours looking through newspapers or magazines, or you can just read the front page and skim what are on the bottom of the page. This way you will get lots of ideas for the topic of your essay.Those are just a few resources for research topics for essay. You can find a lot more ways to research on subjects that interest you. Use them to make sure your essay is not only interesting but well written as well.

The Critical Implications Of Climate Change For Business

What are the critical implications of climate change for business? A business plays a heavy and critical role in the contribution to global climate change. Suzanne Goldberg (2013) reports that only 90 companies worldwide caused two-thirds of the man-made global warming emissions. Oil, coal and gas companies are the major players in the global climate change crisis of the 21st century (Goldberg 2013). Companies such as Chevron, Exxon and BP are three of the highest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. A staggering statistic from Suzanne Goldberg (2013) states that half of the total global emissions were produced in the past twenty-five years; which is a long time before governments and corporations became aware that the burning of coal and oil were causing dangerous green house gas emissions. Businesses can now choose to run their companies sustainably and this in turn, will help reduce the effects of climate change. A critical implication for business is that if they do not reduce greenhouse gas emission they will be slowly transitioned out of the industry. For companies recognizing the need to change, one option is to operate as carbon neutral. By operating as a carbon neutral company they will be aiming to reduce their carbon emissions to zero (Carbon Neutral 2010; Australian Government n.d). To become a carbon neutral company they must first measure their carbon footprint and then reduce emissions, then offset any remaining and unavoidable emissions. It is quiteShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking And Self Reflection, Tyson Foods Inc.1000 Words   |  4 PagesThrough critical thinking and self-reflection, Tyson Foods Inc. will be able to uncover the truth claims, weigh the evidence, examine the underlying assumptions or opportunities, and eventually make appropriate decisions to reconstruct their current strategy (Kurucz, Colbert Wheeler, 2013). 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In the last 10 years the rate at which air travel has been increasing has grown at an astonish ing rate. Today, the airline industry is responsible for a total of 4.9% of all human-caused climate impacts worldwide, including the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, O3, CH4, NOx, H2O vapor, contrails, SO4 and soot. The pace at which we see these adverse effects is very startling yet, business and life is so dependentRead MoreThe European Union ( Eu )1294 Words   |  6 PagesThis international business report has been conducted on the European Union (EU). The information that was used to carry out this report has been provided by Massey University and Kansas State University, innless indicated otherwise. The focus of this report is to identify significant features, trends and issues from an agricultural prospective. A brief summary of the EU will be provided to gain an insight and an introduction to EU. 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Its pattern has affected the wa ter division, most notably by opening it up to significant rivalry and external influences†. Economic growth, population shifts, and climate change will contribute to severe shortage and degradation of global water supplies and ecosystems over theRead MoreWhy Is Leadership Style Important1170 Words   |  5 Pagesmost significant strengths of an effective leader is the ability to create a positive work climate. In an outstanding organizational climate, people are energized to do their best work, free of unnecessary distractions. Climates that energize workers to produce their very best can improve results by as much as 30 percent. What’s New This Month: Up to 70 percent of an employee’s perception of organizational climate can be traced directly to the actions of you as the organization’s leader. 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The next Americans President, experts say, may be the very last who can avert catastrophe from climate change which makes it very important for the next American President to give climate change the top most priority. This requires the Presidential candidates to believeRead MoreTemperature Mediated Moose Survival1389 Words   |  6 Pageswere specific hypotheses being tested? Note that review articles usually don’t include hypotheses.) (1pt) â€Å"We hypothesized that moose survival rates would be a function of the frequency and magnitude that ambient temperatures exceeded the upper critical temperature of moose† (Lenarz et al 2009, p. 503). Brief Summary of Methods (consider: was anything unclear or surprising about what they did, is this an observational or experimental study, who collected the data, what kind of data were collected

City Primeval Comparison - 1798 Words

In both City Primeval and Swag, Elmore Leonard does a fantastic job of allowing readers to see into the mind of a Criminal. Told in a first person point of view, the reader walks through the mind of someone on the wrong side of the law, while also being able to get a peek into the viewpoint of the good guys. Allowing the reader to compare and contrast the two, gives the audience a better understanding of each character, and the environment they exist in. Elmore Leonard uses vulnerability, and a character alignment parallel, to lull the reader into both identifying and empathizing with the minds of a criminal. This is significant because it allows the reader to relate to, and see the similarity between, two very seemingly different people†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well, he’s sort of dark, but not real. He seems quiet...Except, it’s funny, I get the feeling there’s some meanness in him,† (pg. 73) This statement may be considered foreshadowing, but this statement should intrigue the reader. The ‘hero’? mean? Isn’t that Clements role in this novel? This small statement is significant because it establishes our first similarity between Clement and Cruz, thus reducing the distance between the two that was first implemented at the beginning of the book. This again is shown when clement is lying in bed, thinking of Sandy. But look again and see the fun in her eyes. It gave a man the feeling that if he turned her little motor on she’d whirl him back to his youth. (Pg. 56) and when Cruz Is thinking of girls he s seen around lately. He thought of girls and saw glimpses of pleasure in strange apartments. (Pg. 103) This parallel continues the reader down the path of finding similarly between a character most people resonate with, the good guy Cruz. and the character most hate, the bad guy Clement. This similarity is strengthened again by another thought Cruz has. Pick Clement up and throw him against the wall, hard enough to put him out(Pg. 107) This is a pretty violent thought, but because of the previously violent acts the audience has experienced through the eyes of Clement, the reader is able to resonate with this thought of mild violence. The reader understands Cruz’s frustration. Yet,Show MoreRelatedSubsistence Agriculture vs. Industrial-Style Animal Farming708 Words   |  3 Pageswhere a small plot of land is cultivated by an individual, a family or a community just to feed their hungry mouths. All the produce is consumed by the family and not intended for sale outside. The experts believe that this kind of farming is almost primeval and needs to change quickly to the industrialized mode all over the world, if abject poverty and famine are to be eradicated. Several factors have worked against the success of implementation, and they are not only technology related, but socialRead MoreComparing The Creation Stories Of Ancient Israelite Views Of God And God s Creative Work E ssay1816 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Babylonian gods, and in particular, one god, Marduk. It was ultimately written to justify his rise to power as the head of the Babylonian pantheon of gods. This was done in order to â€Å"support Babylon’s claim to pre-eminence above all the other cities in the country† (Heidel 1963, p. 14). Despite emerging from the same period, the two texts are starkly different. 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According to Christians death is more of a moral matter more than a natural one, for the physical death at the end of one’s present life meant almost nothing in comparison to the second death of those who are rejected by the lord. The new testament of the Christian bible promises â€Å"the faithful eternal life, the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world† (Matt 25:41), also saint Paul talks about hisRead MoreThe Divine Comedy1705 Words   |  7 PagesGuelphs. Alighieri had allied himself with the White Guelphs who opposed the political involvement of the pope, and his resistance led to Alighieri’s exile from Florence (Academy of American Poets). After his exile he lived in several other Italian cities were he wrote and finished The Divine Comedy (Gardner). Alighieri began studying theology-based philosophy, examining the ideas of Aristotelianism and incorporating his ideas into his poetry (Wetherbee). 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Teaching Techniques in Special Education Essay - 2317 Words

Teaching Techniques in Special Education In the past two decades many changes have been made in education. Many of these changes have occurred in the special education area. There has been an increase in the number of students who need services in many different areas. Due to the vast array of ability levels and disabilities among students with special needs the teaching techniques and methods used in the classroom must also vary greatly. This is important to effectively facilitate a child’s needs and learning style. Many things have to occur in order to correctly place a child in their class. The child may not be progressing as expected for some reason. This would trigger a teacher or parent to raise his or her concerns. Once this†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Inclusion considers that all students are full members of the school community and are entitled to the opportunities and responsibilities that are available to all students in the school.† (Newhorizons.org, 2002) In an inclusion classroom the child is in a â€Å"regular† classroom and has their individual needs met there. The next type of classroom is where a child will spend half a day in a regular classroom and the other half in a resource room or special education class. The next would be that the child is in a full special education class or an adaptive classroom or functional classroom. The most restrictive environment a child can be placed in is a level five school, which is where full special education services are provided. An IEP also includes services to be provided to the student. Each child may or may not need all or any of the options. One service that a child may need is a Physical Therapist, to work on his or her individual needs to strengthen muscles or physical activity capabilities. Access to an Occupational Therapist may be provided through school as well. With an Occupational Therapist the child will work on enhancing his or her fine motor skills. This may include self-help skills, activities of daily living, and sensory integration issues. The child’s IEP may also recommend a Speech Therapist to work on their language development; this may be receptive language orShow MoreRelatedChallenges of Teaching Students with Ebd1237 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: CHALLENGES OF TEACHING STUDENTS WITH EBD Challenges of Teaching Students with EBD Laura Shupe Grand Canyon University: SPE-558 January 23, 2013 Education is an important factor of life that is a foundation of intellectual development and intelligence that shapes the futures of all students. 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Inclusion in classrooms means that a student with a learning disability or special needs spends most if not all their instruction time in a general classroom rather than an individualized classroom. Even though the special education student isn t in their normal self-contained classroom, they will still get proper

Customer Relationship of E-Commerce Companies-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Customer Relationship Management Strategy of E-Commerce Companies. Answer: Introduction The Amazon Company is one of the largest and the first e-commerce company in the world with its base in Seattle. The company started to market the products through the internet in the year 1995 and was one of the biggest companies at that point of time. The company also has subsidiaries, which are Alexa Internet and IMDB. The company also offers various types of new, used and refurbished products (Amazon.com, 2017). The company is famous for its bookstores, as it provides various kinds of book items, which caters to the different kinds of customers on a global basis. The company employs more than 1600 people, which helps in satisfying the customers globally. The primary mission of the company is to orient themselves for the customers so that they can provide them maximum satisfaction by providing the products. The company has a high level of customer loyalty, which can be measured through the various factors such as hesitation of the customers in changing the company and the prompt action of the customers to purchase the products from their portal (Kantor and Stritfeld 2015). Customer Relationship The combination of the hardware and software along with the commitment in improving the services for the customers so that they can be retained within the company. This process is known as Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This process helps in managing the relationship between the company and the customers so that the mutual exchange of the products and services will help in maximizing the profits of the company (Hollensen 2015). The buildup of strong relationships with the customers helps the companies to be successful, as it helps them in providing the goods and services according to the tastes and preferences of the customers. The building of relationships with the customers is important for the company, as it helps them in determining the prices and the quality of the products and services (Khodakarami and Chan 2014). Objective of the project The objective of the project would be to analyze the various strategies that have been adopted by the e-commerce giant, Amazon, which has helped them in maintaining the relationship with its customers. These strategies have helped them in growing as an international brand and will be compared with another company, Alibaba, which has failed to adopt these strategies. Scope of the project The study will help in gaining a better insight about the strategies that needs to be adopted by the e-commerce companies so that they can maintain an effective relationship with the customers. Literature review Relationship marketing According to Choudhury and Harrigan (2014), this type of marketing helps the companies in maintaining a better relationship with the customers so that the organizations can have a better understanding of the needs and preferences of the customers. The companies need to maintain a long-term relationship with the customers, which need to be based on better quality of the products and the innovation that is taking place on a constant manner. The relationship marketing plays an important role for the companies so that they can be focused and offers best quality products and services to the customers. Setting a destination Amazon is known to set its goals and objectives in a better manner so that they can maintain the relationship with the customers in an efficient manner. Amazon, on the first place uses Customer Relationship Management in identifying the short-term objectives so that the long-term goals of the company can be met. The company simplifies the goals so that they can be achieved in an efficient manner and even keeping place for flexibility (Navimipour and Soltani 2016). Alibaba, on the other hand does not break down the objectives in a simple way, which can be achievable within a short span of time. The complexity of the objectives that are being set within the organization has made it impossible for the company to reach out to its customers in a proper manner. Customer Priority It is necessary for all companies to treat their customers in an equal manner. Amazon is successful due to the fact that they treat their customers equally. This has led to the belief that the customers never change their platforms that have been benefitted by this company. The company makes it a point to provide the customers with the products that they have ordered along with the option of exchanging it if they do not like the product. The customers can exchange the product within the stipulated time in a hassle-free manner, which has helped the company in earning goodwill in the competitive market (Tseng and Wu 2014). These things need to be kept in mind by the Alibaba group as well if they want to manage the customers in a better manner. The company has a provision of exchanging the products, if the customers do not like them but the process is long, as they do not have enough labor in carrying out the processes. The exchange policy that the company offers is within a fixed number of days and the process is long. This has led to the customers in shifting their platforms, as they have lost their faith in the company (Holal et al. 2014). Communication with employees According to Stein, Smith and Lancioni (2013), the Amazon company tries to maintain healthy relationship with its employees so that their morale can be boosted up, which will help in serving the customers in an efficient manner. The employees will be the persons who will meet with the customers while delivering or exchanging the products. The company needs to communicate with the employees so that they can provide the feedbacks of the customers to the company directly in a proper manner. This will help the company in serving the customers in a better manner. The employees of the company are also given the freedom to formulate new policies that may help in increasing the profitability of the firm. The authors Goetsch and Davis (2014) stated that the communication pattern in Alibaba group is hierarchical in nature. The upper management makes all the decisions that need to be followed by the employees, which causes problems within the organization. The feedbacks that are provided by the employees are not taken in to account by the company, which has created a negative impact within the company. Changes in the system According to Wijenayaka, Perera and Sanjeewa (2015), Amazon is always on the lookout in trying to innovate their systems on a constant manner so that they can deliver ultimate satisfaction to the customers. This helps them in adapting to the changes and follows the latest trends that will help the company in maximizing its profits and satisfy the consumers. If any new changes are bought within the organization, the management sees that the changes affect the company in a positive manner so that the employees can manage the systems in an efficient way. The other company that is Alibaba follows a traditional approach and does not implement the new technologies that will help them in managing the work in an organized manner. This has led to chaos within the organization, as the employees are unaware of the new changes that may help them in serving the company in an efficient manner and provide valuable feedbacks to the management that they will receive from the customers. Linking with CRM According to Armstrong et al. (2014), the primary motto of Amazon is to satisfy the customers by giving them the maximum satisfaction when they purchase the products or services that are being offered by the company. the company makes it a point to inform their stakeholders whenever there is a new change that has been adopted within the organization. This helps them in maintaining a relationship that is free flowing with the customers. The appointments with the clients are done by setting reminders so that the company can spend time with them and receive feedbacks, which will help them in changing the policies so that it can operate in a better way. Alibaba, on the other hand focuses mainly on increasing its profits by selling more number of products. This has left no growth strategies with respect to adopting new changes within their system. The employees are not motivated in providing better feedbacks to the company regarding the complaints of the customers so that they can be served in a better way. The necessary information about the products are not communicated properly to the stakeholders, which has resulted in a lack of interest from their perspective. Tracking the customers According to Wynn et al. (2016), to maintain a healthy customer relationship, Amazon tries to keep a track of the customers when they shop from their company for the first time. The customers receive various types of information on their phones and mails, which helps them in receiving updates on a constant manner. This helps the consumers in getting the valuable information regarding the offers and discounts that are given by the company. The customers are also able to provide valuable feedbacks to the company through phones and via emails. Alibaba, on the other hand tries to help its customers by providing information to the customers after they have shopped from them for the first time but the information that the company provides to them is vague in nature. The customers have pointed out that there are hidden costs in it, which they have to bear after the purchase has been done. This has led to the trust issue of the customers with the company and most of them are shifting their platforms to other online shopping portals (Lal and Bharadwaj 2015). Improving after evaluating Payne and Frow (2013) stated that Amazon tries to improve its relation with the customers after evaluating the methods, which would help in serving the customers in a better way. This helps the company to change its goals and objectives from time to time, as it tries to deliver the best services to the customers. This helps the company in identifying its weaknesses that may cause hindrances in building better relationship with the customers. The other company that is Alibaba does not use the process of evaluating their methods, as the primary aim of the company is to gain profits, which will help them to grow in numbers. This has caused problems within the internal structure of the organization, which has led to a conflict among the employees. The scope of improvement within the company is less, which is why the employees are opting out of the organization. Recommendations It is seen that the Amazon Company is serving in a proper manner and is maintaining the responsibilities with respect to the relationships with the customers. The feedbacks of the customers are taken in to account by the company, which has helped them in improving their services. The adoption of new strategies by the company will help the company in performing better within the competitive market so that they can have a competitive advantage over the rival firms such as eBay. The company needs to use an updated method so that they can track their customers after they place the first order. This will help the company in following the purchasing patterns of the customers, which in turn will help the company by providing them with the choice of goods and items that the customers may be interested in buying. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that the Alibaba group needs to use better methods in tackling the customers so that it can help in building relationship with them. Amazon on the other hand, has used these techniques in a skillful manner, which has helped them in maintaining relationships with the customers. The use of the modern methods and applications has been beneficial for the company in gaining a better understanding of the relationship process that can exist with the customers. Reference List Amazon.com. 2017.Amazon.com: Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs more. [online] Available at: https://www.amazon.com/ [Accessed 16 Aug. 2017]. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Choudhury, M.M. and Harrigan, P., 2014. CRM to social CRM: the integration of new technologies into customer relationship management.Journal of Strategic Marketing,22(2), pp.149-176. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Holal, S.K., Choudhuri, C., Kamath, A.N. and Sahu, M.K., Talisma Corporation Private Ltd., 2014.Unified view of short message service (SMS) interaction history with other channel messages based on case identifier in a customer relationship management (CRM) application. U.S. Patent 8,660,590. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kantor, J. and Streitfeld, D., 2015. Inside Amazon: Wrestling big ideas in a bruising workplace.New York Times,15, pp.74-80. Khodakarami, F. and Chan, Y.E., 2014. Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation.Information Management,51(1), pp.27-42. Lal, P. and Bharadwaj, S.S., 2015. Assessing the performance of cloud-based customer relationship management systems.Skyline Business Journal,11(1), pp.89-101. Mohammed, A.A., Rashid, B.B. and Tahir, S.B., 2014. Customer relationship management (CRM) Technology and organization performance: is marketing capability a missing link? an empirical study in the malaysian hotel industry.Asian Social Science,10(9), p.197. Navimipour, N.J. and Soltani, Z., 2016. The impact of cost, technology acceptance and employees' satisfaction on the effectiveness of the electronic customer relationship management systems.Computers in Human Behavior,55, pp.1052-1066. Payne, A. and Frow, P., 2013.Strategic customer management: Integrating relationship marketing and CRM. Cambridge University Press. Stein, A.D., Smith, M.F. and Lancioni, R.A., 2013. The development and diffusion of customer relationship management (CRM) intelligence in business-to-business environments.Industrial Marketing Management,42(6), pp.855-861. Tseng, S.M. and Wu, P.H., 2014. The impact of customer knowledge and customer relationship management on service quality.International journal of quality and service sciences,6(1), pp.77-96. Wijenayaka, H.M.D.S., Perera, D.A.M. and Sanjeewa, W.S., 2015. Assessing Customer Relationship Management Strategies for Creating Customer Loyalty in Insurance Industry.Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, p.204. Wynn, M., Turner, P., Banik, A. and Duckworth, G., 2016. The impact of customer relationship management systems in small business enterprises.Strategic Change,25(6), pp.659-674.

Applied Ethics free essay sample

To begin with, we have to point out that under which situation is permissible to use animals for human sake. We believe we can only use animals when it exerts constructive and affirmative influence to human beings which means it might save lives and enhance the quality of living on a general basis and most importantly, when there is no existing alternative. Using animals medically for human sake is morally permissible and justified and will be illustrated in a moment. Even though we do agree that animals have moral sense and value like Frey’s view â€Å"animals have moral standing and so are members of the moral community and . . . their lives have value. † , we still think it is morally permissible to use animals for experimentation. Nowadays, human is the one that dominant and the main character in the world, therefore we agree Frey’s view â€Å"human lives, on average, have â€Å"a higher value than the lives of most animals. We will write a custom essay sample on Applied Ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Although animals also have the moral standing and value, the life of human is more important than animals in our common sense. It is impossible for human to use human in the experimentation when there is other creature similar to human body structure. Also, the reason of using animals in experimentation is to explore new medical methods to enhance the living standard of human life. It is contradictive to require human not to use animals instead of human in the experimentation. Under this circumstance, using animals for medical purpose is acceptable. However, when using animals, human must consider animals’ suffer during the experimentation, human need to do as much as possible to reduce animals’ suffer in order to respect animals’ sacrifice. Nevertheless, Frey’s view that because of human arrogance, therefore human think they are superior to animals and use animals medically for human sake is not reasonable. The reason of human using animals in experimentation is that there is no other method to do the research about gene, cell, etc. Human can only obtain results by testing animals. If there is â€Å"sense of arrogance† in human, then there should be no animal testing regulations like â€Å"3Rs principle† by William M. S. Russell in the world. In fact, for those countries which having the animals testing, they all have the regulations like controlling the number of times individual animals may be used. No matter the regulations are perfect or not, it is obvious that human is not holding the sense of arrogance when using animals. Otherwise, human would not set up those regulations to reduce the degree of suffering of animals. Although the majority of human beings hold the speciesism view, it exists in the kingdom of animals too. There is a gap between each species of animals. Animals occupy different level of morality. The â€Å"higher† animals will hunt the â€Å"lower† animals in order to survive. It is a natural phenomenon and rationale. Then, human utilize animals for experimentation not because they discriminate or look down on other species, but it comes with the sake that human want to survive, therefore they use animals. The opponents would challenge that under any situation, humans’ pain should not be built on animals’ well-being. Humans also have no reason to say that saving human life is in the priority of the live of animals. In this case, animals also should not use plants to heal wound when they are injured since animals do not have the right to use the plants in the purpose of remedy. Then, it means human can only utilize human in any case, and this principle should be also applied in animals and plants when each species do not own the right to use other species for any reason. If this assumption is wrong, then opponents cannot argue that human build their happiness on animals’ pain when there is no choice for human to study new medical method. Besides, there are only organisms and non- organisms on the planet, when human cannot use non- organism for scientific purpose, humans can merely use living organism other than human in the experimentation for medical purpose. In view of scientists, experiments involving animals use for medical purpose is unavoidable at many stages. While the possibility of arising and inventing other substitute to replace animals remains relatively low, options other than the use of animals are rather impossible. To replace animals with humans for medical use at early stage is impossible as confined by FDA( Food and Drug Association), for example, drug development. Two major steps are involved which are, firstly, the preclinical development and later one clinical trials. While preclinical development is to conduct research and laboratory tests on animals and organisms, clinical trials is collect data on safety and efficiency of a new-developed drug with health intervention for humans. The sequence of performing the aforementioned two steps cannot be reversed in order to ensure a satisfactory level of safety and effectiveness of the drug for humans. Humans possess a significantly more complex health system than animals do. An outsider does not easily comprehend how difficult it is to avoid zero mistakes for humans after taking new drugs. That’s why, in case humans substitute animals for medical tests, the development and the discovery of a new drug needs several decades to be completed as scientists potentially bear the risk to kill a person, however, not a save a person. A scientist bears the duty to avoid the animals in the laboratory tests to suffer needlessly pain, for example, to help a rabbit heal more quickly. When an animal gets involved in a test or experiment, it is highlighted that that animal must not necessarily to be killed. Sometimes, animals were needed to extract vaccine for further culture or even for observations only. That’s why it is stressed that the severity of using animals for experiment might not be as bad as others suggested. The possibility of technological assimilation remained very low. While the current medical technology is advancing at an unanticipated level, a complete substitution of animals test with computers software is infeasible. A human biological system is extremely sophisticated with altogether 12 complex body systems cooperating with each other. It is unworkable to utilize computer software, equations and formulas to assimilate the respond of real human beings. Another critical reason to use animals for laboratory test is the significantly shorter life cycle of animals. Humans usually share the similar life cycle duration of approximately 80 years of time, varying between races, thus it is not difficult to come up with an easy question: how long we need to wait to obtain the satisfactory level of influence of drugs? On a general basis, scientists need at least or around ten years of time to develop a new drug with assistance of animals laboratory tests. Perhaps a scientist need to develop the drug or technique with the rest of his/her life in case the animals use is forbidden. To further illustrate above reasoning, preclinical tests can be taken on living objects which means dead object like computers are not included. Living objects are required for observation and collecting real data. Their esponse towards a drug or treatment‘s influence will be explored and studied to further manipulate the dose or to ameliorate the formula. Without such crucial information, further steps in developing a new drug will be enormously hindered. It has been argued that animals and humans possess a vast degree of dissimilarity, as a result, the use of animals for medical research may lead to inaccuracy and doubtful reliability. The later stages of development might even cause irreversible tragedies, such as toxicity and complications in humans. However, scientists and laboratory technicians, at this stage of biotechnology, already possess the knowledge to differentiate what kinds of animals to use for particular aim of a medical research, for example, invertebrates should not be used for developing drugs for human as diseases in invertebrates are very different from humans. Hence, concerns for misusing animals for lab tests and inaccuracy should be eliminated. Reduction in numbers involving animals’ tests, however, should be highlighted. The refinement and alleviation of suffering of animals brought by lab tests are being endorsed and advocated. It is generally agreed that the needlessly pain experienced by animals should be completely avoided as human’s medical advancement should not be built on animals’ suffering. For a human to ensure a animal test being carried out justifiably, extra considerations should be given to alleviate one’s pain during the test, for instance, after the extraction of vaccine from rabbit, medicine could be dispensed for the sake of quick healing and avoid infection. To conclude, sacrificing animals for medically reason is unavoidable at this stage of technology. Focus should be shifted to enhancing the quality of living and preserving the dignity of animals as a whole. Striking a balance will be a lesson to explore in the future. In light of a foreseeable medical advancement, using animals for human sake is ethically permissible and warranted.

Language Maintenance, Language Death Essay

Language Maintenance, Language Death Essay Language Maintenance, Shift, and Death Sociology Essay Language Maintenance, Shift, and Death Sociology Essay Language is a complex phenomenon, which unites all human beings and impacts their cognitive and communication processes. The ability to communicate with complex signals, which are incorporated in various languages, significantly differentiates humans from other types of living beings on the planet. Apparently, language factor is one of the most important features for any civilization. The reason for this assumption is that language fosters cognitive processes and enables operation with complex and abstract notions. Moreover, the ability to communicate with the help of advanced language systems allows transforming abstract notions into more concrete objects. Thus, enhanced abstract and concrete thinking together with communication enables to create such societies and conditions for their living as cities. Consequently, numerous sciences study the phenomenon of language aiming at defining its basic concepts, systemic features, and other aspects. Currently, it is the object of interest for psychology, linguistics, sociology, history, and other branches of science including their broad range of narrower sub-branches. Furthermore, current reality and history of languages show that they undergo different processes, which include changes in their lexis and systemic structure. Among the most significant aspects demonstrating these processes are language maintenance, language shift, and language death. Thus, this paper investigates these phenomena characterizing them and giving specific examples for them. It is evident that language maintenance, language shift, and language death are the most significant aspects for sociolinguistics. Their analysis would enhance the general understanding of their role for sociolinguistics as well as for such branches as cognitive psychology and history of languages. The Phenomenon of Language Before characterizing the processes, which influence the development and the decay of language systems, one has to characterize the language phenomenon generally and from the position of sociolinguistics. Thus, the language is a systemic phenomenon, which involves the usage of different signs in terms of social agreement. Malathi (2015) defines language as â€Å"the communicative means of man, which plays a great part in our life and distinguishes man from the animals.† Moreover, the scholar claims that any current language is the result of the historical movement, and it changes throughout thousands of years (Malathi, 2015). The amount of languages in the world is constantly changing because of social and other interactive reasons. In the contemporary world, it is estimated that there are about 7,000 different languages with 90% of them used by less than 100,000 people (â€Å"Languages of the world – Interesting facts about languages†, 2014). What is more, schol ars indicate that about 46 languages have only one speaker whereas the majority of humanity speaks about 150-200 languages. The reasons for such statistics vary, but they are inevitably connected with the phenomena of language maintenance, shift, and death. Each language is characterized by structure and its vocabulary filling. Studies indicate that the most part of languages have similar grammatical structure even if they significantly differ in terms of vocabulary and are spoken on different continents (â€Å"Languages of the world – Interesting facts about languages†, 2014). One of the critical aspects of any language is its ability to change depending on various internal and external factors. Language changes occure constantly and involve its every level, which may include phonetic, graphic, lexical, grammatical, and other issues (Malathi, 2015). In their turn, language studies can be performed by means of comparing related but different languages existing at the s ame period of time. Likewise, language studies may focus on historical context comparing one language to another throughout their different stages of historical development. It is evident that many changes in languages reflect their general tendency for the development of more abstract and universal systems (Malathi, 2015). Thus, language maintenance, shift, and even death are the results of this tendency aiming at reaching versatility of the peculiar language system. Language Maintenance and Language Shift First, there is a need for the characteristics of language maintenance and language shift, as they are one of the basic aspects, which characterize any language system. Thus, the studying of these issues is connected with the relationship between the change of stability in habitual language use and ongoing psychological, social, and cultural processes (Fishman, 2013). Subsequently, language maintenance is the factor, which preserves a system of a particular language in its stable state and restrains the influence of exterior factors. Despite the fact it is impossible to completely bypass any of the exterior changes, it preserves the core of the language system allowing it to function without significant transformations. A peculiar feature of contemporary linguistics is that is puts particular stress on the social, political, cultural, and linguistic phenomena of heritage language maintenance and loss (Gonzalez, 2015). The reason for this is that the modern world has a variety of comm unities, which are characterized by the coexistence of the speakers of different languages. Therefore, there is a danger of losing identity of any particular language because of such active interaction. As characterized by the scholars, the exposure of the discussed phenomena may be observed in the case of coexistence of two linguistically distinguishable populations in contact (Malathi, 2015). Consequently, constant interaction causes the speakers to adopt peculiar grammar structures or lexemes, thus shifting the identity of their language. One of the examples studying the phenomena of language maintenance and shift explores the existence of the Slovenian minority group in one of the regions in northern Italy. Thus, as it was explored by the study of Jagodic (2011), the investigated processes among the Slovenian speakers revealed a persistent degree of language shift. As it was reported by the author, â€Å"the analysis of the language use patterns among the Slovenian community me mbers, presented in the first section, has clearly revealed a slow, yet progressive advancing of the processes of the shift towards the use of the Italian language.† The implications of this study advise the community members about establishing activities aimed at language maintenance within the targeted community. Moreover, it is evident that similar investigations addressing the issues of language maintenance and language shift indicate the fact that minor language communities are endangered by the bigger neighbors. The reason for the fears associated with this phenomenon is that any language is regarded as the core of culture and the basic cultural value (Bradley, Bradley, 2013). Therefore, analyzed issues are relevant for the communities having bilingualism and coexistence of minor and major language populations. Likewise, similar shifts may be observed if minor cultures experience difficulties with mastering their own languages whereas the neighboring language of a major culture is easier to learn. Moreover, such relations can be noticed in case the society supports, tolerates, or represses language minorities for their languages (Bradley, Bradley, 2013). Thus, the tendencies of language shift are observed in the case of Italians’ and Catalonians’ coexisting. The result of th is coexistence is that despite former historical opposition between Catalan and Italic communities, the Catalan society has become mostly Spanish-speaking (Newman, Trenchs-Parera, 2015). Likewise, similar historical processes can be detected in the case of the English language history. Thus, Knooihuizen (2015) claims that despite the coexistence of Cornish English, Manx English, and Shetland Scots in Early Modern English period, they had an overall tendency towards unification. The result of this process was becoming of some grammatical forms and lexemes more common, whereas the others were substituted actualizing the scenario of standardization through language shift. Therefore, gradually, various dialects coexisting in Early Modern English period lost their varieties when facing the reality of the predominant language standard. On the contrary, there are cases in history when English was driven out from certain communities since it was the feature of minor social groups. Such case is described in the study of Perez (2015), who investigates the reasons for social rejection of the English language by the inhabitants of Paraguays New Australia. The scholar argues about the fact that at the end of the 20th century, almost 600 colonizers from the UK and Australia settled in Paraguay (Perez, 2015). Their initial goal was setting up the society of pure English-speakers. However, the sociolinguistic history of the community in Paraguay indicates that it was divided into speakers of Spanish and English. As a result of the domination of Spanish language in the country, the English community was underrepresented, which caused English language’s disap pearance from Paraguay (Perez, 2015). Thus, even if language may have a majority of speakers worldwide, it may disappear from particular countries with no community support. Furthermore, there is a need for the discussion of language maintenance and language shift in the time of globalization. Thus, it is evident that the world speakers favor a small list of mostly spoken languages. Among the top five spoken languages in the world are Mandarin, English, Hindustani, Spanish, and Russian with over 1 billion, 508, 497, 392, and 277 million speakers respectively (â€Å"Top 10 most spoken languages in the world†, 2008). This fact means that in case there is a community of minor language speakers, its language may be exposed to danger of extinction or language death. Therefore, there is a need for the characteristics of the reasons and factors causing language disappearance Language Death A peculiar value of any language lies in the fact that it represents the vision of the world depicted through the perception of the speakers. Thus, the language death is a significant negative event, which causes a loss of cultural individuality represented by it. The existence of any language is supported by a broad range of political, economic, demographic, and social factors (Crystal, 2012). Therefore, these factors may also cause or stimulate the loss of a language. Furthermore, since language cannot be separated from its speakers, one may presume that the first languages appeared with the first humans and their organized communities. Scholars assume that if humans started speaking 200,000 years ago and the first language appeared 100,000 years ago, there might be between 64,000 and 140,000 languages ever existing (Brons, 2014). It is evident that some part of them is already dead, whereas approximately 2,500 of the existing ones are considered endangered (Kornai, 2013). Moreover , there are scientists, who estimate that the total number of languages may be higher up to the proportion of 50-90% of the assumed world’s 6,900 languages (Romaine, 2013). According to various claims, the result of this may be not only social, economic, or political factors but, additionally, the language environment. For instance, Romaine (2013) indicates that environmental changes of the past, which caused hunger and diseases, changed the ecosystems of the existing societies. As a result, their migration and assimilation led to the death of various language groups. However, developing the concept of the ecology of language, Romaine (2013) blends it with other features such as sociological and psychological conditions of each language along with their impact. Furthermore, some linguists mix sociolinguistic and biological theories in order to find the adequate explanation of the processes of the languages extinction. Thus, Ritchie (2014) refers to the study of Claude Hagege who traces the analogy between the existence of language and theories of evolution. Additionally, the author stresses that certain linguists explored this phenomenon through the prism of Darwinian concepts of natural selection, speciation, and extinction (Ritchie, 2014). A peculiar feature of his views is that he considered that a language may live even though it has no speakers but only written texts. In this sense, texts were regarded as autonomous reproductions of an extinct language. At the same time, Ritchie (2014) argues that the dying languages experience the processes of lexical, phonological, and grammatical erosion. As it is viewed by the scholar, these events are the result of the absence of intergenerational communication and the absence of younger speakers. Additionally, one should note that language death is a natural phenomenon, which is caused by the ignorance of a language towards social resistance and its assimilation into the dominant language (Canagarajah, 2015). Thus, despite scholar claims that psycholinguistic aspects of language assimilation require additional sociolinguistic research (Canagarajah, 2015), he discusses the phenomenon of linguistic emancipation. The example of the result of language death may be the Maliseet language, the only speaker of which has lost his linguistic knowledge at a young age (Sodikoff, 2012). As a result, the former speaker of Maliseet has lost one’s cultural reference and identity by means of assimilation with other culture. Consequently, scholars indicate that pidgin- and creole-speaking people are among those speakers, whose languages remain on the fringe of the world’s languages (Sodicoff, 2012). Therefore, they suffer from the pressure of bigger cultural communities and more popular languages, which, in turn, endanger their historically natural community and language. The discussed issue shows that the natural language shift towards more favored languages and cultures causes the overall language shift of minor language communities. As a result, younger speakers of these communities refuse to learn their own language and culture giving favor to more popular, useful, or easier language. At the same time, the endangered language itself experiences assimilative processes with the dominating language. The result of this is that its phonemic structure, grammatical structure, and the vocabulary obtain features from the host language. Thus, gradually, language shift causes language death. In order to resists these processes, minor language communities should develop language and culture preserving programs. These programs and initiatives should focus on language maintenance activities maintaining the unicity of the natural language of a peculiar community. As a result, the speakers would preserve cultural resistance towards the communities with major lang uage. Therefore, these actions would allow language to live even in the case of having underrepresented community of its speakers. Summarizing the presented information, the study comes to a conclusion that language maintenance, language shift, and language death are three significant factors for any society. The reason for this assumption is that any group of speakers has to have language maintenance with the aim of saving the unicity of their language and resisting assimilation. In contrast, language shift is a process of active relationship between the speakers of two languages characterized with a high degree of assimilation. A peculiar feature of this process is that minor language communities tend to lose the features of their languages when faced with major ones. As a result, gradual language shift towards the major culture causes the language death in minor culture. Such death is accompanied by the assimilation of phonemic and grammatical structures of the underrepresented language as well as its vocabulary. Therefore, minor communities require the establishment of measures and initiatives aimed at prese rving the existence of their languages. Consequently, the activities towards enhancing language maintenance in minor language community would allow avoiding language death.

Mental health nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Mental health nursing - Essay Example Understanding is most often than not can be achieved in careful study and research of behaviours, patterns, beliefs, among other prevalent practices and knowledge in the nursing and health care relations and practices. Likewise, it is very critical for every health care studies and research to adhere to scientific, systematic process as can be achieved through objective measurement, through the imposition of control in order to be able to describe, explore and explain (Playle, 1999) the nature of the subject matter under investigation. Benton and Cormack (2000) have been very instrumental in defining a format for the method of mental health research issues as they have designed it to identify strengths and weaknesses of every study for inclusion, assessed, and careful consideration allows that the more ambiguity there will be and hence greater care needed in drawing conclusions from the paper. The framework they have presented have always been used in most instances to help the process of critiquing as it is a comprehensive framework covering most points needed in the critiquing process. The framework may be applied to both qualitative and quantitative research but without very clear research questions or objectives, a study cannot progress in a systematic and efficient manner so that the researcher must have established a specific purpose for the study, thereby allowing decisions to be made about methods and resources, and ethical issues will be identified. Playle (1999) likewise pointed out that identification of the overall nature of research will lead to examination of more depth the two stages of the research process which are the development of research questions and establishing current knowledge through awareness of existing literatures. Cormack and Benton (2000) insisted that without very clear research questions or objectives, a study cannot progress in a systematic and efficient manner. Burns and Grove (1997) specified that much time is spent in narrowing down a broad area of interest although many research or studies have very specific questions, objectives and hypothesis. Still, clear purpose must be provided to guide the research process (Burns and Grove, 1997). DISCUSSION: With a premise that little evidence exists to indicate that community psychiatric nurses can achieve the results reported by expert cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), a study conducted by Turkington, et al (2000) aimed to "assess the effectiveness and safety of a brief cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention in a representative community sample of patients with schizophrenia in secondary care settings." The study used the method of pragmatic randomized trial performed involving 422 patients and carers to compare a brief CBT intervention against treatment as usual and the results showed that "patients who received CBT (n=257) improved in overall symptomatology (P=0.015; number needed to treat [NNT]=13), insight (P

Exam #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam #2 - Essay Example By implementing this program, the company gets the following benefits: Light and modified duty program offers cost savings opportunity for the company to control workers’ compensation and disability costs. A well developed Light and modified duty program must contain the senior management’s support and cultural acceptance by the location management of the program. In addition, a well-made light/modified duty program contains a detailed job description for each task done in the workplace. Potential questions include: A). will there be a rising cost of workers’ compensation and healthcare? –the answer to this question is no, the program in conjunction with the transitional duty will manage this. Also, it is more efficient to pay an employee working at 50% as opposed to paying for workers compensations which is 0% productivity to the company. B). in case of injury, which will be responsible? The answer to this question is, the responsible individuals include the injured employee, supervisor, and program coordinator a. Family medical leave act- Only serious health conditions of the employee constitutes a modified work program. This act is only relevant in cases where the employee has a serious accident, with the approval of a medical practioner. b. The Americans with disabilities act- This act enables employers to make permanent reservations for employees who are disabled. This means that disabled employees do light duty task. If no outcome is predestined for the light duty program and the employer requests no follow up information, the employer may be sued. Although the employee may be working under the light and modified duty programs, follow up data is necessary. c. Workers compensation statutes- Actual disabilities qualify someone for this act and for a modified work program. An employer may be sued if found to make a sick or injured employee work as

Single Member Plurality Electoral System Essay Example for Free

Single Member Plurality Electoral System Essay The Fallacy of the Single Member Plurality Electoral System Government efficiency is dependent on the capacity of the government to make decisions that mirror the views of the majority. This would require municipal representatives to be elected by at least half of the voters. This has not been the case in Canada. Electoral reform has been a highly debated issue throughout Canadian politics. Currently, Canada’s electoral system is being questioned for its inability to reflect the political views of its citizens. The single member plurality system (SMP), which Canada employs to fabricate a democratic election, can cause representatives to be elected without the majority of the popular vote. In contrast, the system of proportional representation eliminates an inequity in parliament composition by ensuring representation from every party that received votes. Although this system would inevitably result in minority governments, it would appropriately cater to the views of the constituents. To produce a more effective government, Canada’s single member plurality electoral system should be replaced by a system of proportional representation (PR). Another attempt to negate the effectiveness of the PR system is by charging that it would lead to the decline of responsible government. The reasoning behind this lies with the theory that PR disenfranchises a parties capability to â€Å"formulate policies, administer programs, make laws, submit budgets†(Barker, 287). Opponents contend that under PR, the government would be unable to garner enough confidence from the legislative branch. However, by looking at the opposite side of the spectrum, one would agree that this disadvantage is minimal compared to the policy making created through single member plurality. SMP encourages parties to form lowest common denominator policies in order to achieve a plurality of votes. Consequently, parties will create platforms that advocate policies that are indistinguishable to those of other party platforms. By providing ambiguous party principles, a constituent’s local MP can avoid being held accountable. In essence, â€Å"the plurality system encourages MPs and political parties to reflect some limited concerns of their geographic districts while ignoring the deeply held principles of the voters†(Heimstra and Jansen, 300). The only thing differentiating Canadian parties is their promise of â€Å"social benefits beyond what the economy could tolerate†(Irvine, 45). Since parties under PR do not have to compete for the median voter, â€Å"governing parties have less incentive to manipulate policy for short run ends†(Irvine, 50). As mentioned earlier, minority governments are likely to be assembled over a majority government under a PR system. This will entice legislature to form a coalition, thereby facilitating the demands of all the different regions comprising Canada. Eventually, long term policy making will be executed with less hesitation, as governments will soon realize that regardless the outcome of the following election, support for their proposed policy will still exist. The inability of the House of Commons to finalize long-term policy-making has stunted economic growth in Canada because of ineffective governments elected through SMP. The greatest disadvantage of single member plurality is its inhibiting effect on voter turnout. Voter turnout has been decreasing steadily as more people have come to the realization that their votes will not necessarily be accounted for. In Jeffrey Simpson’s book, The Friendly Dictatorship, the author reveals that â€Å"only 61 per cent of eligible Canadians bothered to vote in 2000, the lowest turnout by far since the Second World War†(Simpson, 144). It is important to note that Canada counts voter turnout by the number of people who vote in relation to the number of people on the electoral list. Since not everyone eligible to vote gets on the electoral list, the numbers are actually far lower than they appear. With a large number of eligible voters staying home, elected MPs do not have a real mandate to represent their constituents. This discrepancy has the potential to produce an ineffective government and a discontent amid the members of society. It has become increasingly important to determine the cause of this decreased interest in voting. electoral system is often described as a â€Å"first past the post† system. The way in which this system functions is that each voter is allowed one vote and the candidate with the most votes (or a plurality) becomes elected. Proportional representation, on the other hand, can be accomplished through a multitude of electoral methods. But for the sake of convenience, we will focus primarily on the two most notable systems: party list system, and mixed member proportional. The party list system used to achieve PR relies on the voter to choose the party they wish to support as opposed to the actual candidate.

Anne Tylers classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant Essay

Anne Tyler's classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant In Anne Tyler's classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant, the reader experiences a variety of conflicts between parent and child, one of the most apparent being that between Pearl Tull and her eldest son, Cody. These two characters never seem to see eye to eye, as Pearl prefers to see only the negative aspects of her children. Cody never truly relates to Pearl and her manic ways. As the conflict unfolds between Pearl and Cody, the deeper meaning of the story is revealed; there is never a perfect family, but nonetheless, theirs is a family. As the first child, Cody is expected to excel and be the ideal son. He establishes a rebellious personality once his younger brother Ezra is born. Because of this brotherly competition, he and Pearl never really get along. Whether or not they even truly loved each other is an idea to be questioned. Pearl doesn't like the idea that Cody might, for once in his life, be better than Ezra. The reader sees this in chapter 2, when Pearl insists that Ezra try to shoot ... Anne Tyler's classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant Essay Anne Tyler's classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant In Anne Tyler's classic novel, Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant, the reader experiences a variety of conflicts between parent and child, one of the most apparent being that between Pearl Tull and her eldest son, Cody. These two characters never seem to see eye to eye, as Pearl prefers to see only the negative aspects of her children. Cody never truly relates to Pearl and her manic ways. As the conflict unfolds between Pearl and Cody, the deeper meaning of the story is revealed; there is never a perfect family, but nonetheless, theirs is a family. As the first child, Cody is expected to excel and be the ideal son. He establishes a rebellious personality once his younger brother Ezra is born. Because of this brotherly competition, he and Pearl never really get along. Whether or not they even truly loved each other is an idea to be questioned. Pearl doesn't like the idea that Cody might, for once in his life, be better than Ezra. The reader sees this in chapter 2, when Pearl insists that Ezra try to shoot ...

Ethical Delima

This case presents an ethical dilemma, a situation which arises when one must choose between mutually exclusive alternatives (Beauchamp& Walters, 2003). Decisions may have results that are desirable in some respects and undesirable in others. In Juana's case, her decision to refuse the blood transfusion had the desired outcome of allowing her to remain true to her religious beliefs. However, her choice also resulted in her death. If she had followed the recommendation of the physicians and the team, the desirable outcome would have been possible survival but would have had the undesired effect of violating her religious principles.The major ethical dilemma was that by honoring the patient's autonomy and religious beliefs, the physicians and interdisciplinary team were faced with compromising their moral duty to administer professional care in accordance with established standards (Chua & Tham, 2006). A brief review of the literature of Nursing Collection II: Lippincott Nursing Journa ls (from Ovid) and CINAHL databases for the past 5 years found no evidence to support best practice for a Jehovah's Witness who is pregnant and has experienced blunt trauma.Healthcare providers faced with this situation have sometimes attempted to obtain court orders that would overrule the patient's decision and result in her submitting to recommended medical treatment. For example, the Illinois Supreme Court (Illinois v. Brown, 1996) upheld a mother's decision to refuse blood transfusions even though they were vital for both the mother's and fetus' survival. The Patient's Bill of Rights states that the healthcare providers' responsibility is to give patients accurate information and that patients must consent to treatment (New York State Department of Health, 2008).This is consistent with the Federal government's recommendations to create guidelines that assure healthcare quality and to reaffirm the critical role consumers play in safeguarding their own health, (United States Depa rtment of Health and Human Services, 1999). Nursing practice is governed by the patient's right to autonomy rather than her religious beliefs (Levy, 1999). The first item in the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code for Nurses with Interpretative Statements (2001) addresses respect for human dignity:â€Å"Truth telling and the process of reaching informed choice underlie the exercise of self-determination, which is basic to respect for person †¦ Clients have the moral right to determine what will be done with their own person; to be given accurate information, and all the information necessary for making informed judgments; to be assisted with weighing the benefits and burdens of options in their treatment; to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without coercion; and to be given necessary emotional support† (p. 1).However, it is difficult to witness death based on a person's decision to forgo care when medical options to sustain life are available. Treating this type of patient becomes particularly challenging when it involves two lives. Virtue ethics To analyze this ethical dilemma, the principles of Western medicine and the religious beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses were examined. The questions that surfaced were (a) how would the application of virtue ethics provide insight into Juana's situation, (b) what were the ethical principles in conflict, and (c) why was it an issue to administer a blood transfusion to Juana in an emergency situation.Volbrecht's framework for ethical analysis was utilized to address the clinical dilemma and the questions listed above. Virtue ethics was the primary theory employed prior to the 17th century. This theory centers on shared familial and cultural histories and religious traditions and acknowledges the community's ability to identify, interpret, prioritize, and adjust to moral considerations within a particular context (Volbrecht, 2002). The following is an exposition of this case according to virtue ethics. Virtue ethics focuses on what is morally correct from the patient's viewpoint and centers on the patient's autonomy.Actions and character are intertwined, and the ability to act morally is contingent on one's moral character and integrity. Virtue ethics focuses on the context of the situation (Volbrecht, 2002). Ethical analysis of virtue ethics entails (a) identifying the problem, (b) analyzing context, (c) exploring options, (d) applying the decision process, and (e) implementing the plan and evaluating results (Volbrecht, 2002). Identifying the problem Juana, a 20-year-old Hispanic woman, 32 weeks pregnant, was involved in a car accident. Internal bleeding to the thoracic or abdominal cavity was suspected.The stakeholders were the woman, her husband, the fetus, and the interdisciplinary healthcare team. The team thought the best method of treatment for this patient was to administer a blood transfusion and perform an emergency cesarean section. Both the patient and her husband ref used this option because of their religious beliefs and provided written documentation indicating that the patient would not accept blood or blood products. The value issues were the physical survival of the woman and her fetus versus the woman's religious integrity. Analyzing contextTo understand the decision-making process in this case, one must consider the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, compassion, and respect. The patient's religious beliefs and how they influenced her decision must also be taken into consideration. Gardiner (2003) confirms that the ethical principles mentioned above influence one's choices. In Juana's case, the healthcare team suspected she was experiencing internal bleeding and that she and the fetus were in physiological distress. Juana's decision to reject the proposed treatment was based on her stated religious beliefs.The contextual factors of this case centered on the patient's religious beliefs. The patient stated she would â€Å"rather be embraced in the hollow bosom of Jehovah than to be condemned for all eternity,† if she should receive a blood transfusion. Nurses draw from the code of ethics to reflect upon and understand the person's perspective, and to honor her wishes. â€Å"The nurse provides services with respect for human dignity and the uniqueness of the client, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes or the nature of the health problem† (ANA, 2001, p.1). To respect the patient's decision and honor her dignity, supportive care was provided to the patient in an effort to save her life, while at the same time respecting her wishes. The ANA Code of Ethics supports the point of view that healthcare providers should respect patients' wishes and decisions despite their own personal beliefs (ANA, 2001). Applying an ethical decision process Looking through the lens of virtue ethics, the caregivers focused on Juana's autonomy and her ri ght to choose what she perceived best in spite of the possible outcomes.Juana was a competent, pregnant woman who made informed decisions not to receive blood transfusions or a caesarean section. Based on virtue ethics, the healthcare providers respected the patient's autonomy by reflecting on and honoring the decision of the patient and her husband based on her religious values and beliefs. The healthcare providers also drew on the principle of beneficence, which centers on promoting the well-being of others. In this case, the well-being was not physiological but spiritually oriented.The principle of nonmaleficence was also employed by not intentionally inflicting harm on the patient and honoring her wishes. Violation of a client's deeply held beliefs is a form of doing harm. (Leonard & Plotnikoff, 2000). They also drew from the principles of veracity and respect, which entail being truthful to the patient and allowing her to make an informed decision (Volbrecht, 2002). The nursing virtues of compassion, moral courage, and self-reliance also contribute to an understanding of this situation. Evaluating resultsAt the time this clinical situation presented itself there were no specific guidelines in the institution for dealing with the dilemma presented by this case. However, there are guidelines for Jehovah's Witnesses specifically geared to early identification and management of gynecological patients. For example, in Australasia, there are specific guidelines for treating pregnant women that focus on stabilizing the patient by using traditional and new treatment modalities to meet patient needs, particularly for Jehovah's Witnesses or other patients who decline blood transfusions (Women's Hospitals Australasia, 2005).For antepartum patients, the guidelines focus on early identification of Jehovah's Witnesses during prenatal visits, as well as placing these patients on a high risk protocol, including maintenance of high hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, having advance directives completed, and establishing affiliations with other hospitals that are well-equipped and staffed to meet these patients' needs (Women's Hospitals Australasia, 2005). The Hartford Hospital in Connecticut has a similar program and also performs bloodless procedures on patients who are Jehovah's Witnesses (Miller, 1996).As a result of Juana's case being reviewed by the ethics committee post-mortem, a risk-management protocol was developed requiring patients who refuse blood transfusions to sign a waiver that removes the legal responsibility for the decision from the hospital and caregivers. To support this type of protocol, the Society for the Advancement of Blood Management maintains a database of hospitals that provide blood-conserving services in the United States as well as in Canada, Chile, Korea, and South Africa (Society for the Advancement of Blood Management, 2008).The problem, however, in an emergency situation is that it may not be possible to get the pat ient to a participating hospital. The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society (2004) recommends that advance directives and other legal papers be in place should an emergency arise. These documents should be easily accessible so that healthcare providers can honor the patient's directives. In so doing, they will be applying the theory of virtue ethics and, therefore, respect the patient's wishes (Macklin, 2003).Healthcare providers should practice beneficence and non-maleficence without imposing their beliefs as to the right thing to do. More explicit and universal guidelines would benefit both patients and providers when faced with similar ethical dilemmas. Conclusion In nursing practice, cases of patients refusing blood transfusions or other interventions are becoming more common. Therefore, content regarding ethical issues, such as Juana's case, needs to be integrated into nursing curricula and the clinical arena.Nursing educators who incorporate bioethics into critical thinking in cl inical decision making situations can prepare novice and experienced nurses to handle complex ethical dilemmas, such as described in this paper. The learning process may be facilitated through integrating lectures with case studies and utilizing patient simulators to further enhance the learning process (Larew et al. , 2006).These teaching approaches would provide the opportunity to expose nurses to scenarios of acute patients where they can intervene in a safe environment, which in turn would decrease their anxiety and promote learning. Nurse educators can further facilitate the learning process by providing clinical experiences with diverse patient populations in a variety of settings followed by discussion of actual clinical experiences, ethical issues, and debriefing (Larew et al. , 2006).Nursing faculty have an ethical responsibility to prepare competent nurses and facilitate continuing education that will help nurses recognize ethical dilemmas in practice and apply ethical pri nciples in trying to resolve them. The focus in practice, education, and research must be on providing care that respects patients' cultural beliefs and autonomy. Nursing educators should place equal emphasis on ethics in order to provide the best holistic care possible. To do anything else is a disservice both to the profession and to our patients.